@InProceedings{SchuchMDDEGSRPKBVSARKKFFBEKDHCSJ:2010:GMSpSi,
author = "Schuch, Nelson Jorge and Munakata, Kazuoki and Dal Lago, Alisson
and Denardini, Clezio Marcos and Echer, Ezequiel and Gonzalez
Alarcon, Walter Demetrio and Silva, Marlos Rockenbach da and
Rigozo, Nivaor R. and Petry, Adriano and Kirsch Pinheiro, Damaris
and Braga, Carlos Roberto and Vinicius Dias Silveira, Marcos and
Stekel, Tardelli Ronan Coelho and Antunes, Cassio Espindola and
Ramos Vieira, Lucas and Kemmerich, N{\'{\i}}kolas and Kato,
Chihiro and Fushishita, Akira and Fujii, Zenjirou and Bieber, John
W. and Evenson, Paul and Kuwabara, Takao and Duldig, Marcus L. and
Humble, John E. and Chilingarian, Ashot and Sabbah, Ismail and
Jansen, Frank",
affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Shinshu
University} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}
and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and
{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de
Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
(INPE)} and {Santa Maria Space Science Laboratory -LACESM/CT-UFSM}
and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and
{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de
Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
(INPE)} and {Shinshu University} and {Shinshu University} and
Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University and
Bartol Research Institute, Univ Delaware and {University of
Delaware} and {University of Delaware} and {Australian Antarctic
Division} and {University of Tasmania} and {Yerevan Physics
Institute} and Kuwait University, BA DLR, Institute of Space
Systems",
title = "The Global Muon Detector Network - GMDN and the space situational
awareness",
year = "2010",
pages = "4252",
organization = "38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly",
abstract = "Space weather forecasting is a very important tool for the space
situational awareness to the space objects, the space environment
and related threats and risks for manned and non-manned
spacecrafts. The global network of ground based multi-directional
detectors (GMDN) can be considered as one example of an important
emerging Space Situational Awareness program around the world,
since its requirements needs global technical, scientific and
logistic collab-oration between several countries in different
continents. ICMEs accompanied by a strong shock often forms a
high-energy galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) depleted region behind the
shock known as a Forbush decrease. The ICME arrival also causes a
systematic variation in the GCR streaming (i.e. the directional
anisotropy of intensity). The magnitude of the streaming is small
(about 1 % or less), but its variation is relevant. Some particles
from this suppressed density region traveling with about the speed
of light leak into the upstream region, much faster than the
approaching shock, creating the possibility of being observed at
the earth, by a global net-work of ground based multi-directional
detectors (GMDN), as precursory loss-cone anisotropy. Loss-cones
are typically visible 4-8 hours ahead of shock arrival for shocks
associated with ma-jor geomagnetic storms. A multi-directional
muon detector for detection of GCR was installed in 2001, through
an international cooperation between Brazil, Japan and USA, and
has been in operation since then at the Southern Space Observatory
-SSO/CRS/INPE -MCT, (29.4° S, 53.8° W, 480m a.s.l), Sao Martinho
da Serra, RS, in southern Brazil. The detector's capability and
sensitivity were upgraded in 2005. The observations conducted by
this detector are used for forecasting the arrival of the
geomagnetic storm and their interplanetary coronal mass ejec-tion
(ICME) drivers in the near-earth geospace. The detector measures
high-energy GCRs by detecting secondary muons produced from the
hadronic interactions of primary GCRs (mostly protons) with
atmospheric nuclei. Since muons have a relatively long life-time
(about 2.2 mi-croseconds at rest) and can reach the detector at
ground level preserving the incident direction of primary
particles, the detector can measure the GCRs intensity in various
directions with a multidirectional detector at a single location,
such as in Brazil. The Brazilian muon detector (MD), at SSO, is a
part of the GMDN, an international collaboration consisting of 10
insti-tutions from 6 countries, with real time data generated by
the GMDN, which was developed at Shinshu University, Japan. With
the expectation of the approval by European Commission of the
NESTEC (NExt generation Space TEChnology) Project, the GMDN may be
upgrade in 2010 including new muon detectors in Bremen, Germany
and in Hermanus, South Africa. Therefore the ICMEs traveling in
the interplanetary space and reaching the Earth -cause re-duction
in cosmic ray counts at the Earth by one to ten percent, and can
be detected sometimes as much as ten hours before their arrival at
Earth -with the GMDN, thus permitting accurate and reliable Space
Weather forecasting and for the space situational awareness.",
conference-year = "n/a 1, 2010",
label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTIC-GOV-BR",
language = "en",
targetfile = "schuch_global.pdf",
url = "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010cosp...38.4252S",
volume = "38",
urlaccessdate = "07 maio 2024"
}